Process of making carbureted water gas



April 24. 1928.

1,667,518 F. B. HAYES PROCESS OF IIAK'ING CARBURETBD WATER GAS Filed Sept. 25, 1924 s Sheets-Sheet 1 In?" for. 7 41 gfiulfaya.

April 24, 1928. 1,667,518

F. B. HAYES rnoczss or mum cmauam'an WATER us 7 Filed Sept, 25. 1924 3 Sheets-Shag Ji 2 igr Tred Q6 April 24; 1928.

F. B. HAYES rmimss or MAKING CARBURETED vm'rsa 'uAs Filed Sept. 25. 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 24, 1928.

UNITED STATES 1,667,518 PATENT OFFICE.

FRED B. HAYES, OF FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, ASSIONOR TO WESTERN GAS CONSTRUC- TION COMPANY, OF FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA,

PROCESS OF MAKING CABBURETED WATER GAS.

Application filed September 25, 1924. Serial No. 739,757.

This invention relates to process of making carburetedwater The conventional apparatus for making carbureted water gas, including a water gas 6 generator, carburetor, superheater, air blow-- 'er and various apparatus valves, tar batter or seal, and connections, operate-s upon what is known as the up run and down run syst-em; that is to, say, after the air blast has mrarried the products of combustion of the heating medium from thegencrator into and through the carbureter and the superheater,

ond up run, after which the blast is re-' sumcd and the cycle of operations repeated.

It has been found in practice that during the down run period and again during the brief second up run period. the temperature in both the carburetor and superheater becomesmaterially lowered, with the result that it becomes necessary to very frequently over blast the generator in order to re- '80 store the proper temperatures. This over blasting is accomplished, of course, at the expense of extra power and fuel.

It is required to measure the volume or quantity of oil to begasified in each cycle of operations, in proportion to the quantity of blue water gas produced in the generator during each run period. VVhenthe oil is admitted during the up run period only, it must be flowed at a relatively high speed, and this produces certain disadvantagesand not the best results. \Vhen this volume of the carburetor during both the up run and down run periods, it is found that the 011 does not properly gasify during thedown run on account of the lowered .temperature in the carburetor, produced bythe lower temperatures ofthe down run gases.

same iueflicient for proper functioning, but which also form as alayer or carbon deposit on the top of the checker brick and clog up the carbureter. It thus becomesnecessary latter with new brick.

from time to time to shut down the appara- (us to rcuiovetlus carbon deposit and clear the vhe'c -wr brick, and frequently replace the The principal object of the present invention is to obviate or reduce to a negligible factor all of these objections, and to maintain more uniformly and constantly a desired temperature in the' carbureter and superheater.

Another object of the invention is to effect a proper gasification of the oil by flowing into the carburetor the desired quantity for each gas making period, part during the uprun and part during the down run,'thus avoiding a rate of flow which produces flooding and improper gasification, and. whereby a heavier and cheaper grade of oil "maybeusedthan s possible with present apparatus.

To this end,-1ny invention consists in the process of making gas, wherein gaseous products formed in the generator are,'during the down run period, passed from the gem erator either to the superheater or to the tar batter seal or other receptacle, without at tying a part of the oil for each ,gas making period during the down run period; and in enriching the gases produced on the down run by commingling said'dow'n run; gases with the carbureted up run gases outside of and beyond the carburetor.

all passing through the carburetor; in gasi- My improvement in the process'of-making carhureted water gas may be practiced by various apparatus, several forms of which I have herein illustrated. In that form of conventional apparatus now extensively in use, wherein the conduits from the generator to the-carburetor are governedby hot valves or reversing valves,of either the one oil is flowed at a lower speed, so as to enter vZ unit ype, he lower conduit or down run pipe is disconnected from the top of the carburetor and said conduit or pipe is led into the superheater, either at the top or at the bottom; or into the bottom or lowest passageway of the carbureter from I whence the products of the down-run would pass directly into the bottom of the superheatcr without passing throughthe, carbureter. i p An alternative apparatus would eliminate reversing valves between the generator and carbureter, and require thedisconnection lfrom the carburetor of the conduit from the bottom of the generator for the down run, and leading said conduit from the bottom of the generator directly into the tar batter, seal or other container. In this latter case, however, reversing valves should be located, preferably in the tar batter, to govern both the conduit leading from the top of the superheater and the conduit for the down run leading from the generator to the tar batter, so that either one or the other may be closed as required in reversing from the up run to the down run, or from the down run to the up run cycle of operations.

These various arrangementswill be fully understood by. those skilled in the art, by. reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings of themain features of said appad of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2.

ratus, and in which I have not attempted to illustrate all of the details of such apparatus, as such details are wellknow-n and in common use in water gas jets.

In said drawings, Fig. 1 is an illustrative view, partially. in vertical. section, of the main elements of a conventional form of watergas setby which my process may be carried out..

. 'Fig. 2 is an elevation showing a modified form of apparatus for the same purpose.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modified form Fig. 4 and Fig: 5 are views inelevation,

I "similarto Figure'2. showing two other. modi- .fied forms of apparatus by which the inventionmay be practiced In that form of apparatus for carrying out 1; my process, shown in Fig. 1, the water gas enerator is indicated -at A, the carbureter y' B, the superheater by C and the tar batter by I). Steam inlets-1' and, 2, governed by suitable valves, not, shown, admit steam to' v the generator below and above the fuel, for Y theup run and'the down run respectively, during the gas making period. 3 is an open =c0nduit between the top of the generator and the top of the carbureter. The oil is sprayed into the carbureter by the usual oil valve 4 and the air blast supplied-to the generator in the usual manner, as by a conduit 5. The

exit of gas from the superheater to the tar batter is through the conduit 6,.tlie'cn rl 7 of said conduit, in the tar batter, being adapted to be closed by a valve 8. i

The blue water gas formed in the generator by thedown run steam is conveyed by a conduit Earoundthe carburetor and superheater, directly into tlie tar batter; the lower I end 9 of this conduit in the-tar batter being adapted to be closed by the valve 10. The gas exit fromthe" tarbatter to aolder (not shown). is indicated at 11. I 4

Within the tar batter D, the valves 8 and i 10 may be reversed in any. suitable manner.

As shown in Fig. 1 they are operatively connected "to a rocking lever 12 which is operated and controlled by a hydraulic motor 13.

up run of thegas makingv period is-started and water gas is carried from thegenerator through the conduit? into tlre .topo'f and down through the zcarbureter,;through the passage 14, into and up through the superheater, and through the conduitfiinto. the

tar batter D. Duringthis "up run the valve 8 is open and the valve 10 closed.- :The oil is flowed at aproper ratefinto the top of the carbureter where oil gas is formed in the usual n'lannerand this will pass.with-tl1e.wag F ter gas from the carbureter, into *and' up through the superheater, in the usual way.

During the steam down ruii, the'valves' 8 and 10 are reversed, the end ofthe conduit 6 being closed and the; end of the conduit E being open. This'permits the gases formed in the generator by thedown run steam topass from the generator through the conduit E directly to the tarbatter D.- Y L In the down run, in that for -of apparatus wherein hotvalyes are. used etween the generator 'and"carbureter, sa 1d valves are closed, so that blue water gas-made in the generator by down runsteam b passes the carbureter in going to the seal, ox-D. -Simultaneously with themaking; of .blue water gas in the water 'gas generator by down run steam, oil gas is made in thecarbureter without being in contact with the water gas. Ultimately the down run blue water gas'and the oil gas are commingled in the seal box D from whence'theypass through jexit ll to aholder) In that form oi apparatusjillustratcd in Figs. 2 and 3, the conduit E. leads from the Inn generator A andenters the top Qf'the superheater Cjat'15, instead of. into the tar batter 1) (as shown in Fig. 1).. The tar batter is not provided with .reversingvalves and may be of any conventional construction. In' this form of ap aratu s, reversing or hot valves 16 and -1 wi-ll'be. located adjacent the generator, in conduits 3 and E. These.

valves may be' hand operated, "o f the single ordouble unit type,"bu t, preferably, will be mechanically and automatically o'peratedby any of the well known"devicesiavailable for this purpose. .The oil will beflowedjjinto the top of the carbureterBat alower' rate, offl speed, so that a port-ion of the required quantity of oil for a gas making period will flow into the carbureter during the 'steamup run and the balance during the steam dow run. 18. is avalve controlled steam in heater C. The reversing *alves 16 and 17 and steam jet valve 18, as explained for the apparatus shown m Figs. 2 and 3, will be used.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is the same.

as that shown in Fig. 4, except that the conduit I leads directly from the generator A around the carb where contact is made at 19.

By passing .the gases produced by the down run around and not through the carbureter, I practically eliminate the various objections. herein'above noted. With existing apparatus and practice, the temperature of the generator becomes lowered by steam during the up run period, and the steam to produce a down run still further lowers it; and the temperature of the blue gas produced by the down run varies from 400 F. to 250 F; as it enters the top of] the carbin'eter; The effect of this, in existing practice, together .with the incoming cold oil, still further reduces the temperature in the top of the carbureter to? 00 F. or lower, and, accordingly, the temperature of'the lower part of the carburetor is also. lowered.

In practieing'iny invention, I as not introduce the down run gases into the carbureter and the temperature thereinat the conclusion of sin-up run is not therefore sub stantially reduced and remains at a desirably high temperature during the balance of the gas making period. Thus the bad ef fects (if-lower temperature of the checker brick and the necessity for overblasting the generator torestorc the temperature, is avoided.

Another advantage of my process lies in the tact that the-entire heat in the carburet cris utilized for gasifying the oil. Heret-ofore tbeearbureter has been obliged to super-v heat the down run blue gas coming from the bottom of theg'eneratons By putting part of the oil into the earbureter at a'slower rate of flow, during the steam up run. and part during the period of the steam down run, all the heat n the carburetor is utilized to form oil gas, the carlmreter-not haying becn subccted to any si-ibstantlat temperatln'e reduction by a down run.

The blue .water gas from the up run does .not absorb any appreciable amountof heat from the carbnreter in passing through it,

7, test.

ureter, to the super-heater,

because it enters the earbureter at high temperatures, since said watergas is formed in the generator immediately after the air blast period when the generator top is hotto raise rathcrthan lower the ten'iperature of the carbureter. Thus the heat in the carburet'er is conserved for oil gasilication,

which, ultimately, means that less heat is required in the generatoranda decided'advantage in fuel economy is effected,

Oil efiiciency is also obtained by my .process by introducing the oil into the carbureter over a relatively longer period of time, and without flooding. I can make use of a heavier and cheaper grade of oil, than is used in p'resentpraeticc, because of the longer These up run gases, therefore, tend--" period during which the oil is subjected to cracking and gasification.

Another advantage of my process is that the-eheeke1' brick are cleaner, do not foul n'iaterially because of the slower feed of the Ioil and better gasifieation thereof, and therefore repairs and replacement of checker brick are less frequent and the life of the apparatus prolonged.

' In my process, the Variation between extremes of temperatures in the carburetor is very greatly reduced and the carbureter may be said to beef substantially constant temperature as compared with the temperatures of carbureters in existing apparatus and used in existing practice when the cooler down rungases pass from the generator into and through the carbureter. i

Oth'er advantages of my process will be understood by engineers and others familiar with carbureted water gas sets and methods,

avho. will also understand thatiny process maybe carried on by apparatus varying in tratively referred to. I

I claim as my lnVQIltlOn Z a -1. The improvement in the process of n'raking ea'rbureted water gas by the alterdetailS fromthe various fornis herein illusna-t e up and down steam run method, which consists in passing the up run water gas through a carbureter and simultaneously en- 7 riching the same with oil flowed into said carburetor, in by-passing the down run blue water gas with respect to the carburetor, in making oil gas in the carbureter during the steam down run period, and ultimately com- 'min'gling the by-passed blue water gas, the

earbureted water holder.

2. The 'improven'ient inthe process of making carbureted water gas by the alternate up and down steam run method, wliich consists in passing the up run water gas through gas and the oil gas in a a carburetor and enriching said gas" duringthe steam up run period only, in by-passing blue water gas of the steam down runwoutside the carbureter, in forming oil gasin the earbureter during the down run period, and

in ultimately commingling said-oil gas and both the carbureted and the uncarbureted water gas in a holder.

3. The improvement in making carbureted water gas by the alternate up and down steam run method, consisting in passing the water gas of the steam up run to a eal-bureter containing checker brick and enrichmg the same during the up run period only,

10 in by-passing the blue water gas of the steam down run through a superheater While avoiding contact with the checker brick in the carbureter, in forming oil gas in the carbureter during the period of the steam down run, and passing said gas through the superheater, and in ultimately comminglin'g said oil'gas and both the enriched and the lean water gas of the 'two runs in a holder.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as. my invention, I afiix signature this 18th day of September, 1924. v

v FRED HAYES. 

